The 29-year-old midfielder, who is believed to have sustained a hamstring injury, will not be replaced in Roy Hodgson's squad, which has been reduced to 22 players.
The FA announced the news shortly after England's squad arrived in Alicante ahead of their friendly against Spain on Friday. Hodgson's men face Euro 2016 hosts France at Wembley next Tuesday.
Revised England squad
Goalkeepers: Jack Butland (Stoke City), Joe Hart (Manchester City), Tom Heaton (Burnley)
Defenders: Ryan Bertrand (Southampton), Gary Cahill (Chelsea), Nathaniel Clyne (Liverpool), Kieran Gibbs (Arsenal), Phil Jones (Manchester United), Chris Smalling (Manchester United), John Stones (Everton), Kyle Walker (Tottenham Hotspur)
Midfielders: Dele Alli (Tottenham Hotspur), Eric Dier (Tottenham Hotspur), Ross Barkley (Everton), Michael Carrick (Manchester United), Fabian Delph (Manchester City), Adam Lallana (Liverpool), Jonjo Shelvey (Swansea City/WAL), Raheem Sterling (Manchester City)
Forwards: Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur), Wayne Rooney (Manchester United), Jamie Vardy (Leicester City)