The England international has been charged with the offence during Newcastle's 2-0 defeat to Wolves in September and if found guilty, Shelvey will be banned for at least five matches.
An FA statement said: "It is alleged that in or around the 87th minute of the fixture, he [Shelvey]used abusive and/or insulting words towards an opponent.
"It is further alleged that this breach of Rule E3(1) is an ‘Aggravated Breach’ as defined in Rule E3(2), as it included reference to ethnic origin and/or race and/or nationality".
Shelvey has played in every one of Newcastle's league games this season, scoring three goals and making five assists.